The Cherry Shrimp (Neocaridina davidi) is one of the most popular freshwater shrimp species among aquarists. Known for its vibrant colors, ease of care, and role in keeping tanks clean, it is a staple in aquascaping.
In this context, the aquaculture of ornamental crustaceans, such as the Cherry Shrimp, is an attractive economic activity due to the high monetary value of these specimens. Captive breeding of these shrimp can help reduce the capture of wild specimens, thereby lessening overexploitation and habitat destruction.
Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced enthusiast, this guide covers all aspects of Cherry Shrimp care, including water parameters, breeding tips, and feeding recommendations.
General Overview of Cherry Shrimp
Taxonomy
The taxonomy of the Cherry Shrimp, also known as Neocaridina davidi, is as follows:
- Domain: Eukaryota
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Class: Malacostraca
- Order: Decapoda
- Suborder: Pleocyemata
- Infraorder: Caridea
- Family: Atyidae
- Genus: Neocaridina
- Species: Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904)
- Synonymous scientific names: Neocaridina denticulata sinensis and Neocaridina heteropoda.
Common names in Spanish: Camarón Cereza, Gamba Cherry, Camarón Cherry, Gamba Cereza
Common names in English: Red Cherry Shrimp, Cherry Shrimp, Sakura Shrimp, and Fire Shrimp
Physical Characteristics
The main physical characteristics of Cherry Shrimp (Neocaridina davidi) are as follows:
Size
They are small shrimp, with adult females generally larger than males. Males have an average weight of 30.48 ± 6.7 mg, while females weigh around 43.95 ± 18.69 mg.
Coloration
They exhibit a wide range of colors, including red (the most popular variant), black, yellow, orange, blue, and striped patterns.
Sexual Dimorphism
There is marked sexual dimorphism: females are larger and have a more intense red color than males. Additionally:
- Males have a slightly curved propodus on the third pereiopod and a shorter dactylus with stronger spines. In females, these structures are different.
- The carapace of adult females is more elongated than that of males.
- Females have visible yellow or green ovaries through their semi-translucent carapace.
Body Shape
- Cephalothorax: The anterior part of the Cherry Shrimp’s body, where the head and thorax are located. Adult females have a more elongated cephalothorax than males.
- Pleon: The abdomen area where pleopods are found. Females carry fertilized eggs attached to their pleopods.
Appendages
- Fully developed appendages at hatching, including eyes and sensory setae on their antennae.
- Pereiopods: Thoracic appendages used for walking and feeding. The third pair of pereiopods is sexually dimorphic.
- Pleopods: Abdominal appendages used by females to carry eggs.
- No developed uropods at birth.
Carapace
The semi-translucent carapace allows observation of the ovaries in females.
Rostrum
Males generally have smaller, less prominent dorsal teeth on the rostrum compared to females.
It’s important to note that these characteristics may vary slightly among individuals and depend on age and breeding conditions. However, these are the most relevant physical features of Cherry Shrimp.
Additionally, Cherry Shrimp have a lifespan of 1 to 2 years; with proper care, their life expectancy can be extended.
Types and Colors of Cherry Shrimp
The natural coloration of Cherry Shrimp (Neocaridina davidi) is green-brown, but numerous color variations exist due to selective breeding. The most popular is red, which serves as the basis for classifying shrimp by their color grade, from the lowest to the highest:
- Red Cherry Shrimp: This is the lowest grade and refers to shrimp with a less intense red coloration and transparent patches on their body. They tend to be quite light in color. They may also simply be called “Cherry Shrimp.”
- Sakura Cherry Shrimp: These shrimp have a more intense red color than regular Cherry Shrimp but may still display some clear patches.
- Fire Red Shrimp: Shrimp of this grade have a completely red body without transparent patches. This grade is achieved through selective breeding and the rigorous removal of shrimp with less intense coloration.
- Painted Fire Red Shrimp: This is the highest grade of red Cherry Shrimp. Painted Fire Red Shrimp have a solid, opaque red color throughout their entire body, including their legs. They have no transparent areas.
- Ghost Shrimp: These shrimp are transparent due to the absence of pigment.
In addition to red, there are other color varieties of Cherry Shrimp, such as yellow, orange, green, blue, violet, chocolate, black, and white.
It is important to note that the quality and price of Cherry Shrimp are often associated with the intensity and uniformity of their color. Breeders select specimens with the brightest colors to produce higher-quality offspring. Additionally, the appearance of the shrimp may vary depending on diet, water quality, and the color of the aquarium substrate.
Natural Habitat of the Cherry Shrimp
The Cherry Shrimp (Neocaridina davidi) originates from eastern China and northern Taiwan. However, it has been introduced to other parts of Taiwan, Japan, and Hawaii.
In their natural habitat, these shrimp typically have translucent bodies with brown spots that help them camouflage with their surroundings. However, through selective breeding, many color variations, including the popular red, have been developed.
Cherry Shrimp thrive in planted tanks with plenty of shelter and hiding spots. They are peaceful creatures that do not harm their tank mates. Due to their popularity in the aquarium trade, they have been distributed to other countries. Populations of this shrimp have been found in places like Poland (Jabłońska et al., 2018), Germany (Schoolmann y Arndt, 2018; and Schneider et al., 2022), Brazil (Bochini et al., 2024), Japan, Israel, and Hawaii, often in areas with thermal pollution or through accidental or intentional releases (Suen y Gillett, 2020).
Basic Care for Cherry Shrimp
A common question among Cherry Shrimp enthusiasts is: How many shrimp can I raise? Regarding this, Vazquez et al., (2017) determined that N. davidi tolerates high densities, but densities of 2.5 shrimp per liter (D2.5) promote better growth in both males and females.
Cherry Shrimp prefer mature aquariums with microfauna and mulm for grazing. Additionally, the study by Carvalho et al., (2023) demonstrated the importance of providing shelters (Java moss) for the well-being of N. davidi, especially in aquariums with constant lighting. Shelters allow individuals to avoid the stress of excessive light and offer protection. Similarly, Vazquez et al., (2022) determined that Vesicularia sp. moss provided the highest survival rate for Cherry Shrimp, suggesting it creates a healthier environment.
On the other hand, Plichta et al., (2021) investigated the substrate color preferences of different color morphs (brown, red, white) of the Cherry Shrimp N. davidi and reported that Cherry Shrimp preferred dark substrates over light ones, regardless of their own coloration.
The water quality parameters for Cherry Shrimp (N. davidi) care in aquariums are summarized in Table 1.
Table 01. Water quality parameters for Cherry Shrimp (Neocaridina davidi) care.
| Parameter | Range |
| Tank Size | Minimum 5 Gallons. |
| Water Temperature | 22 °C to 26 °C (72 °F to 78 °F) |
| Water Oxygen | 5 to 8 mg/L |
| Water pH | Between 6.5 and 8.0 |
| Water Hardness (GH/KH) | GH of 6-8 and KH of 3-6 are optimal. |
| Ammonia (NH4) | < 0.2 mg/L |
| Nitrites (NO2-) | < 0.3 mg/L |
| Nitrates (NO3-) | < 1 mg/L |
| Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) | Between 150 and 300 ppm |
| Photoperiod | 14 hours of light and 10 hours of darkness |
It is important to maintain these parameters stable and avoid sudden fluctuations. Additionally, copper should be avoided in the water, as it is toxic to cherry shrimp. Weekly water changes of 30% are recommended to keep contaminant and toxin levels low.
Besides maintaining these parameters, it is crucial to keep the water clean and free from harmful chemicals like chlorine. A sponge filter is recommended to prevent juveniles from being sucked into the filter. This type of filter also traps small food particles that shrimp can pick up.
Sedating Cherry Shrimp for Analysis
If you need to sedate your cherry shrimp for analysis, you can follow the protocol described by Rodríguez et al., (2024), which is divided into two phases:
- Oversedation Phase:
The cherry shrimp is immersed in an oversedation bath containing a concentration of 240.21 mg/L of eugenol. The solution also includes a 5:1 ethanol-to-eugenol ratio to facilitate dissolution.
The exposure time in this bath is 10 minutes to induce proper sedation. Longer durations may harm the specimens. - Subsedation Phase:
After the oversedation bath, the shrimp is transferred to a subsedation bath with a lower eugenol concentration of 100 mg/L.
This phase serves to maintain sedation with a reduced sedative concentration compared to the oversedation bath. The exposure time in the subsedation bath should be 3 to 10 minutes to achieve a stable heart rate of approximately 150 bpm.
Finally, Azarm (2023) demonstrated that anthropogenic noise negatively affects cherry shrimp behavior, impairing their ability to move, locate food, and feed successfully.
Feeding Cherry Shrimp
The cherry shrimp (Neocaridina davidi) is omnivorous, feeding on detritus, algae, and various meiofauna organisms. Weber y Traunspurger (2016) found detritus to be the most common dietary component in shrimp stomachs, followed by algae and meiofauna fragments (including oligochaetes, microcrustaceans, and nematodes). Similarly, Schoolmann y Arndt (2017) reported that Neocaridina davidi enjoy feeding on decomposing leaves from trees like alder, poplar, oak, and willow.
To supplement their diet:
- Feed shrimp with high-quality shrimp pellets or algae wafers.
- Occasionally offer blanched vegetables like zucchini or spinach.
Do cherry shrimp eat algae?
Yes, they are excellent algae eaters, making them natural cleaning teams for aquariums.
Juvenile Feeding Tolerance
In the early life stages, particularly juveniles in stages JI and JIII, N. davidi shows a high tolerance to starvation, being more resilient to food restriction than other decapods (Pantaleão et al., 2015).
Dietary Enhancements
- Namaei et al., (2018) studied the effects of feeding red cherry shrimp with different amounts of spirulina microalgae. The results suggest that including Spirulina platensis meal at a level of 8-10% in their diet improves growth, survival, and reproductive performance in commercial aquariums.
- Kaya et al., (2022) determined that supplementing diets with synbiotics, particularly a combination of 2 g galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and 1 ml Bacillus clausii, significantly enhances the growth and survival of red cherry shrimp compared to prebiotic-only or no supplementation diets.
How to Enhance Cherry Shrimp Coloration
There are several methods to improve the coloration of cherry shrimp. Below are a few:
- Dietary Microalgae Supplementation: Luna et al; (2024) studied the coloration of Neocaridina davidi fed with live microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis and the cyanobacterium Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis. The study observed improved coloration in the NdR (red) and NdB (blue) phenotypes. The NdB phenotype showed better coloration with S. platensis (56.2%), while the NdR phenotype benefited more from H. pluvialis (74.2%).
- Substrate Type: Tomas et al., (2020) determined that using black substrates in cherry shrimp aquaculture is a simple and cost-effective method to enhance the visual appeal of these popular aquarium pets, potentially increasing their market value. Placing N. davidi in a tank with a black background encourages the shrimp to produce more red pigment, making them appear much redder than those in white or red tanks.
- Plant-Based Pigments: Hou et al., (2024) found that combining 100 mg/kg of astaxanthin with 5 g/kg of Bidens pilosa (“romerillo”) is the most effective way to enhance color, color stability, and the expression of color- and stress-related genes in red cherry shrimp (Neocaridina davidi var. red).
Reproduction of Cherry Shrimp
The reproduction of cherry shrimp is sexual and relatively easy if the proper conditions are met. Here are some important points about their reproduction:
Sexual Maturity
Cherry shrimp reach sexual maturity around 2 to 3 months of age. Pantaleão et al., (2017) reported that females began developing gonads approximately 30 days after hatching, with the first female carrying embryos observed 49 days post-hatching.
Mating
When a female cherry shrimp is ready to reproduce, she molts her exoskeleton and releases pheromones into the water to attract males. Male cherry shrimp become very active, swimming around in search of the female. After a brief mating process, the male deposits sperm onto the female’s body.
Fertilization
Eggs are fertilized as they pass from the ovaries to the outside of the female’s body. If a female is carrying eggs, it is a sure sign that mating has occurred. Tropea y López (2015) demonstrated that multiple spawning events affect the fecundity and biochemical composition of the eggs in Neocaridina davidi, as resource allocation to reproduction occurs at the expense of the female’s somatic growth.
Additionally, Budi et al., (2020) found that fecundity is directly proportional to body size in red cherry shrimp. Larger shrimp (L: 2.1–2.3 cm) showed the highest fecundity, with 53.16 ± 4.26 eggs per individual.
Eggs
The female cherry shrimp carries between 20 and 30 eggs under her tail. The eggs measure between 0.71 mm in length and 1.03 mm in width (Pantaleão et al., 2017). The eggs can be green or yellow, depending on the color of the female’s “saddle.”
For approximately one month, the female uses her swimmerets to oxygenate the eggs and keep them clean, preventing fungal or bacterial growth. The eggs darken as they near hatching, and small dark spots, which are the developing shrimp’s eyes, can be observed.
Hatching
After 2-3 weeks, cherry shrimp eggs hatch. It is important to note that during hatching, water temperature is a critical factor influencing sex determination; Serezli et al., (2017) reported that at 20°C, the female ratio was approximately 80%, at 23°C, the female ratio decreased to about 50%, while at 26°C, the female ratio dropped drastically to 18%. This indicates that as temperature increases, the male ratio increases.
On the other hand, Sganga y López (2019) report that the number of hatched juvenile cherry shrimp is higher in spawnings from large females. The larvae are tiny replicas (approximately 1 mm) of the adults and do not go through a larval stage. They spend their first days hiding among plants or stones, feeding on the biofilm.
Growth
Young cherry shrimp shed their exoskeletons frequently as they grow. It is recommended to leave the molted exoskeletons in the tank, as the shrimp will eat them to obtain minerals like calcium.
Additional Considerations
- To encourage cherry shrimp breeding, it is necessary to maintain stable water parameters and provide an adequate food source.
- If breeding stops, it may indicate that the population has reached its maximum capacity for the available food.
- You can select the most colorful shrimp for breeding to improve the color of future generations.
- It is important to remove any predator fish to prevent them from eating the fry.
- The research by Sganga and López (2019) suggests that to maximize juvenile production of cherry shrimp N. davidi, it is preferable to select large, low-colored females for breeding and feed them a carotenoid-rich diet like TetraColor® for reproduction and a diet rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids like Crusta Sticks® for the growth phase.
Molting and Growth of Cherry Shrimp
Cherry shrimp molt regularly as they grow. After molting:
- Avoid removing the old exoskeleton; the shrimp will consume it for calcium.
- Ensure there are hiding places, such as plants and caves, for their protection during this vulnerable period.
Behavior and Compatibility of Cherry Shrimp
The cherry shrimp is a peaceful creature that can be kept with other non-aggressive species. Carvalho et al. (2023) reported that cherry shrimp N. davidi exhibited highly cryptic behavior, with an average of 82.1 ± 8.69% of individuals using shelters during observations, and the most commonly used shelters were Java moss (Vesicularia sp.) and wood.
Some compatible tank mates are:
- Other dwarf shrimp: They can be kept with other peaceful dwarf shrimp species like ghost shrimp, bamboo shrimp, vampire shrimp, and Amano shrimp. However, caution should be taken when mixing Neocaridina shrimp species, as they may crossbreed.
- Snails: Snails like nerite snails, golden Inca snails, ramshorn snails, ivory snails, Malaysian trumpet snails, and mystery snails are compatible tank mates.
- Peaceful fish: Some small, peaceful fish are good tank mates, such as Otocinclus catfish, Corydoras catfish, rasboras, neon tetras, guppies, and Chili rasboras. Larger, more aggressive fish may eat cherry shrimp, especially “baby” shrimp.
It is important to note that cherry shrimp are very vulnerable. Therefore, it is best to keep them in a species-only tank or with other peaceful animals. A tank with many live plants also provides hiding places for the shrimp, reducing the risk of predators eating them.
Cherry Shrimp Diseases
Microsporidia
Schneider et al. (2022) reported for the first time the presence of microsporidian parasites in the non-native shrimp Neocaridina davidi, collected from a stream in Germany, and determined that 4% of the cherry shrimp were infected with a microsporidium 99.56% similar to Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), a microsporidium known to be a threat to shrimp aquaculture in Southeast Asia.
Parasites
Márton et al., (2023) identified the presence of Scutariella japonica in cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi. According to the researchers, although the literature considers Scutariella as an epibiont, its presence in large numbers can cause problems during molting and even death, as the parasites can irritate and damage the gills, leading to gas exchange issues and possible death.
Microalgae
Bauer et al., (2021) reported an outbreak of multifactorial disease in a freshwater shrimp population of Neocaridina davidi, focusing on a rarely described parasitic alga, Cladogonium sp. According to the study, the presence of Cladogonium sp. caused subcutaneous area widening, with hemolymph and hemocyte accumulation.
Conclusion
Cherry shrimp are an important addition to freshwater aquariums, combining beauty and utility. If ideal conditions are maintained and proper care is provided, these shrimp can thrive and bring vibrant life to any aquatic landscape. Dive into the world of cherry shrimp and enjoy the rewards of a colorful and healthy shrimp colony.
References
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