by Rothman Perreras*
Shrimp farming, once rooted in rudimentary coastal pond techniques, has evolved significantly to meet global demand through innovation and sustainability. In 2022, global aquaculture production surpassed that of capture fisheries for the first time, reaching an unprecedented 130.9 million tonnes.
This pivotal shift highlights the industry’s journey from manual, labor-intensive techniques to advanced, meticulously managed environments that prioritize both productivity and environmental stewardship.
Traditional Practices In Shrimp Farming
In its early days, shrimp were raised in coastal ponds where farmers grew the seafood. This was a very labor-intensive process that often relied on natural tides to get the shrimp larvae into the ponds, where they grew to maturity.
The simplicity of these methods, however, had complexities and challenges:
- Firstly, this traditional process was quite rudimentary in nature. Every step was done manually, from selecting larvae to harvesting. This heavy reliance on human labor made it time-consuming – and very hard to scale.
- Secondly, without sophisticated techniques to manage the shrimp’s environment, the quality and quantity of the yield were often at the mercy of the elements. Often, a shift in the weather can affect yields, if not destroy them.
- Thirdly, the environmental footprint of traditional shrimp farming was significantly destructive. This practice often led to the devastation of ecosystems, including mangroves which are vital for coastal protection and biodiversity. The conversion of these areas into shrimp ponds also often results in habitat loss for many species.
- Lastly, without controlled environments, shrimp populations were highly susceptible to diseases. Outbreaks could decimate entire harvests, leading to significant financial losses for farmers.
The Advent of Pond Maintenance and Controlled Environments
As the demand for shrimp increased worldwide, the need for strategies that could provide greater certainty and sustainability grew. To overcome the deficiencies of traditional methods, farmers started inventing improved methods of pond maintenance.
Aeration systems
These systems increase oxygen levels in the water, which is important for shrimp health and growth. These have helped to ensure an even distribution of nutrients and water circulation, reducing the risk of stagnation and the harmful buildup of waste products.
Water quality assessment
Parameters such as pH, salinity, and nutrient levels were closely monitored to ensure optimal conditions for shrimp growth. With this technique, farmers could prevent the spread of disease and improve overall production.
Feeding strategies and timing
Farmers also began to adopt standardized feeding practices and high-quality feed that provided a balanced diet. This success has improved development and weight per unit and reduced the amount of waste produced.
Introduction of Indoor Shrimp Farming
The shift toward indoor shrimp farming represented a huge step for the industry’s development. Indoor farms offer numerous advantages over traditional pond farming.
Controlled environment
Indoor shrimp farming systems allowed for control over the farming environment. Parameters such as water temperature, light cycles, and feeding could be managed. This meticulous system results in healthier shrimp and more predictable harvests.
Year-round production
One of the most significant benefits of indoor farming was the ability to produce shrimp year-round. Traditional outdoor ponds were subject to weather fluctuations that could interrupt production. Indoor facilities could operate continuously, providing a steady supply to meet market demand.
Biosecurity measures
Indoor farms also introduced stringent biosecurity measures to prevent and manage outbreaks. By isolating the shrimp from external pathogens and employing strict protocols for staff and equipment, the risk of disease was greatly reduced, leading to healthier shrimp and more reliable production.
Space efficiency
Indoor tank systems are highly space-efficient, making it possible to establish shrimp farms in urban areas or regions that lack access to traditional coastal ponds. This opens up new opportunities for local production.
This advantage also reduces the carbon footprint associated with raising shrimp in traditional ponds and transporting shrimp over long distances.
High-Tech Solutions in Shrimp Farming
The modern era of shrimp farming is marked by a surge in high-tech solutions aimed at optimizing efficiency and productivity. Innovations are revolutionizing the industry, setting new benchmarks for aquaculture practices.
Global aquaculture production is projected to skyrocket by 10% by 2032, aiming to soar to 205 million tonnes. This ambitious growth forecast not only mirrors the industry’s commitment to meeting escalating global demand but also emphasizes its steadfast dedication to sustainability through the integration of cutting-edge technologies.
RAS systems for water conservation
RAS systems are designed to recycle water, which drastically reduces the amount of fresh water required for shrimp farming. This not only conserves resources but also minimizes the environmental impact.
Advanced shrimp farming equipment
The use of advanced equipment is a hallmark of modern shrimp farming. These tools are critical for maintaining the precise conditions required for optimal shrimp growth and for ensuring the overall efficiency of the operation.
Automated feeders
Automated feeding systems ensure that shrimp receive the exact amount of feed they require at the right time. This precision reduces waste, lowers the cost of production, and contributes to better growth rates and healthier shrimp.
Water quality sensors
Continuous monitoring of water parameters is made possible by sophisticated sensor technology. These sensors provide real-time data on pH, temperature, oxygen levels, and other critical factors, allowing for immediate adjustments to maintain the perfect environment for shrimp farming.
Biofloc technology
Biofloc technology is an innovative approach that leverages beneficial bacteria to recycle waste within the farming system. This improves water quality and creates an additional food source for the shrimp, enhancing their growth and reducing the need for external feed inputs.
Implications for Marine Business Investors
The evolution of shrimp farming offers attractive opportunities for marine business investors seeking to capitalize on sustainable food production trends.
In 2022, global aquaculture production reached 130.9 million tonnes, with an estimated first sale value of USD 313 billion, as reported by the FAO. This significant market size highlights the financial potential of investing in technologies and practices that improve efficiency and sustainability in shrimp farming.
Investment opportunities
Advancements in shrimp farming technology have opened up new avenues for investment. With an emphasis on sustainability and efficiency, these opportunities are not only financially promising but also align with broader environmental and social objectives.
Technology providers
Investing in companies that develop and provide advanced shrimp farming equipment and systems can be a strategic move. These businesses are at the cutting edge of the industry, driving the innovations that make modern shrimp farming possible.
Processing equipment businesses
The adoption of advanced shrimp farming technologies brings increased efficiency to seafood processing plant owners by boosting the supply of raw shrimp.
This surge in supply necessitates the use of automated shrimp processing equipment, such as automatic grading systems and value-adding machines like deheaders, deveiners, and cookers.
These innovations not only enhance operational efficiency but also expand job opportunities and profitability within the processing industry.
Predicting the Future: Power of Artificial Intelligence
AI holds immense potential to transform shrimp farming, driving unprecedented levels of efficiency, sustainability, and productivity. As AI technologies continue to evolve, their integration into aquaculture can address existing challenges and unlock new opportunities for the industry:
AI-powered monitoring and predictive analytics
One of the most promising applications of AI in shrimp farming is the enhancement of monitoring and predictive analytics. AI systems can process vast amounts of data collected from sensors and cameras installed throughout shrimp farms.
AI-assisted precision feeding systems
AI can analyze data from underwater cameras to monitor shrimp behavior and feeding patterns in real-time. If the shrimp are not responding well to the feed, the system can automatically adjust the feeding strategy. This level of precision ensures that shrimp receive the right amount of nutrition at the right time, improving overall farm productivity.
Enhanced disease detection and management
AI can predict the likelihood of disease outbreaks and suggest targeted interventions. For example, AI can recommend changes in water parameters, adjustments in feeding practices, or the application of specific treatments. Early and accurate disease detection through AI can save entire harvests and reduce the need for antibiotics, promoting more sustainable farming practices.
Intelligent farm management systems
AI can integrate various aspects of shrimp farming into intelligent farm management systems. These systems can provide a centralized platform where farmers can monitor and control all farm operations. From water quality management to feed distribution and disease monitoring, AI can automate and optimize routine tasks.
Smart grading and sorting systems
Smart AI in shrimp grading equipment can significantly improve the efficiency and longevity of the machinery involved in the production process. By monitoring the wear and tear of various parts and components, these systems can predict when maintenance is required, reducing downtime by 35-50% and extending the lifespan of assets by 20-40%. This proactive approach minimizes disruptions, ensures continuous operation, and enhances overall productivity, leading to better quality control and higher output.
AI-driven market and supply chain optimization
Beyond the farm, AI can optimize the entire shrimp supply chain. AI-powered market analysis can predict demand trends, helping farmers align their production schedules with market needs. This reduces waste and ensures a steady supply of shrimp to meet consumer demand.
AI can also enhance logistics by optimizing transportation routes and storage conditions. This ensures that shrimp reach their destinations in the best possible condition, reducing spoilage and maintaining product quality.
*Contact
Rothman Perreras
Sort-Rite International
sales@sort-rite.com
Resources
Primavera, J.H. (1997). Socio-economic impacts of shrimp culture. Aquaculture Research, 28(10), 815-827. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2109.1997.tb01021.x
Naylor, R. L., Goldberg, R. J., Primavera, J. H., Kautsky, N., Beveridge, M. C. M., Clay, J., … & Troell, M. (2000). Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies. Nature, 405(6790), 1017-1024. DOI:10.1038/35016500
Boyd, C.E., & Clay, J.W. (2002). Shrimp aquaculture and the environment. Scientific American, 282(6), 58-65. DOI:10.1038/scientificamerican0600-58
Thakur, D. P., & Lin, C. K. (2003). Water quality and nutrient budget in closed shrimp (Penaeus monodon) culture systems. Aquaculture Engineering, 27(3), 159-176. DOI:10.1016/S0144-8609(02)00040-2
FAO. (2020). Indoor shrimp farming: Sustainable development and future trends. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular.
Cohen, J. M., Sarnat, J. A., & Fernandez, L. E. (2009). The promise and peril of indoor shrimp farming. Marine Policy, 33(2), 212-219. DOI:10.1016/j.marpol.2008.06.002
Crab, R., Avnimelech, Y., Defoirdt, T., Bossier, P., & Verstraete, W. (2007). Nitrogen removal techniques in aquaculture for a sustainable production. Aquaculture, 270(1-4), 1-14. DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.05.006
Emerenciano, M., Gaxiola, G., & Cuzon, G. (2013). Biofloc technology (BFT): a review for aquaculture application and animal food industry. Biomass Now – Cultivation and Utilization, 1, 301-328. DOI:10.5772/53864
Valenti, W. C., Kimpara, J. M., Preto, B. de L., & Moraes-Valenti, P. (2011). Indicators of sustainability to assess aquaculture systems. Ecological Indicators, 11(2), 442-453. DOI:10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.07.011
Nucleus Research. (2023, May 8). Quantifying the value of predictive maintenance.
Ye, J., Ge, Y., Wu, C., Liu, L., & Guo, Y. (2023). Eco-friendly and safe alternatives for the valorization of shrimp farming waste. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27819-z
Zhang, T., Li, Q., Zhao, H., & Wang, J. (2023). Optimizing Brackishwater Shrimp Farming with IoT-Enabled Water Quality Monitoring and Decision Support System. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences. DOI: 10.1007/s41208-023-00630-w
Yang, J., Chen, H., & Zhang, X. (2023). Advances in aeration and wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology—AQUA, 73(5), 902-920. DOI: 10.2166/aqua.2023.015
